EARLIEST KINGS OVER THE SPANISH
Name of Rulers Lengths of Reign Dates
Tubal 156 2254-2098
Grandson of Noah (Gen.
10:2). Came to power at
Babel. Ruled over territory
in eastern Asia Minor (Turkey)
where Tarshish, the father of
the Spaniards, originally
settled.
Iberus, a son of Tubal 37 2098-2061
He gave his name to the
entire peninsula, which
is still known as the
Iberian Peninsula. Later
his descendants migrated
from Spain to Iberia in
the Caucasus.
Eubalda (or Idubeda) 64 2061-1997
Son of Iberus, last of
the line of Tubal to
rule over the children
of Tarshish.
Brigus 52 1997-1945
Son of Mash, the son of
Aram (Gen. 10:23). Previously
settled a colony in Eastern
Europe under Asshur; now
leads a colony to Spain
by sea. An Aramaic large
nosed element may be seen
in the Spanish population
to this day.
The ancient city
of Damascus, Syria, was
named after his father Mash.
Brigus (Brigo) organized
his people into pastoral
units (whence our "brigades"),
which multiplied so rapidly
that colonies were forced
to leave Spain in search
of new homes. Some of his
children from Europe early
carried his name into Phrygia
(Asia Minor). There the
family became associated with
Meshech, brother of Tubal.
Brigo's father, Mash, became
known by the name Meshech
(I Chr. 1:17).
Brigo's family in
Spain soon became associated
with the children of Togarmah,
who next entered Spain.
Tagus Ormah 30 1945-1915
The Togarmah, son of Gomer,
of the Bible (Gen. 10:2).
Late Latin writers split his
name into two syllables, and
added Latin "-us" ending.
Togarmah invaded Italy one
year after his domination of
Spain. Both were yet sparcely
populated lands and afforded new,
hospitable areas. During his
reign he sent many bands to
seek habitations elsewhere,
ultimately passing eastward
into the far northern reaches
of Asia (Ezekiel 38:6).
The Tagus River of Southern
Spain was named for him.
Bet(us), or Boetus, 32 1915-1883
(or 31) (1915-1884)
son of Togarmah; Bet(us)
gave his name to the Bet(us)
river (now called Guadalquivir).
In his day the children of
Tarshish, known as Turditanians,
in Spanish histories, settled
the southwestern part of
Spain. Boetus encouraged
the development of learning.
The children of Betus were
soon forced to migrate vout of Europe, with the rest
of the family of Togarmah, and
at length settled in Tibet — which
means the plateau of Bet! The
family of Togarmah was superseded
by an invasion from the south.
INVASION FROM AFRICA
Having become again a civilized land and wealthy due to changes in climate and the presence of many gold mines, Spain aroused the cupidity of Egyptian and other North African nations. Gerion or Deabus, a Lybian, with many men and ships invaded and conquered Spain and forced the Spaniards to dig gold for their African overlords. African cultural elements were introduced. Many Spanish slaves died from overwork under this tyranny. The history of this period is as follows:
Rulers of Spain Lengths of Reign Dates (continued) Gerion, the giant 34 1883-1849 (or 35) (1884-1849) Gerion was the seventh generation from Ham. He descended through Cush, Saba (the Seba of Gen. 10:7), Gog, Triton, Ammon and Hiarba (compare the last name with the Biblical "Arba" of Joshua 15:13, who was the father of the Anakim glants). The Lomnini 42 1849-1807 The Lomnini were three giant sons of Gerion. They were allowed to continue to rule in the land after an invasion in 1849 by an Egyptian army under Osyris Denis (Dionysius in Greek).
Osyris slew Gerion in 1849, upon which part of his tribe took to ship and sailed to the New World. A tradition found among the Toltecs of Mexico and preserved by Ixtlilxochitl declares there once were giants in their land.
Even the date of the arrival of these giants has been preserved by the Toltec historian. It was 520 years after the flood. (Bancroft "Native Races of the Pacific States", vol. V, p. 209. ) The year of the flood was 2370-2369. And 520 years AFTER the flood — that is, after 2369 — is 1849, the very year a great battle was fought in Spain during which Gerion was slain and many of the giants were expelled. Later Indian tradition records the perishing of these giants in the New World in a struggle with the Indians.
One of the Lomnini in Spain, meanwhile, was given to wife a sister of Osyris. A son of the union, Norac, settled Sardinia and built the city of Norca. Sardinia is famous for traditionally being inhabited by giants who left the megalithic remains and giant tombs. Early British tradition also assigns to swarthy giants the building of many of the megalithic monuments or henges.
To avenge the death of their father, the three Lomnini brothers conspired with Typhon, brother of Osyris. Typhon assassinated his brother Osyris.
After the death of Osyris, Hercules appears on the scene. Rather than drench the whole land in a bloodbath, he challenged the three sons of Gerion to personal combat — three against one — and slew them all. Hercules then turned the government of southern Spain over to Hispal, his son and one of his generals, and departed with the bulk of his army to Italy.
Who were Osyris, Typhon and Heracles of Spanish, Italian and North African tradition?
Note the time setting. These events are long after the death of Nimrod (2167) or of Miebis (2037), who was the second Osiris. The dates of these events correspond to the latter half of Dynasty II in Egypt. It is the period of the patriarch Jacob. The Hercules of these traditions has already been proved to be Seir the Horite. In Spanish history Hercules is often referred to as "Oron," meaning the Horite. He was a king of Egypt — a descendant of Horus. He slew the giant Antaeus, another king of Egypt, records Josephus the Jewish historian. Who are all these supposedly mythological rulers?
The surprising answer is that they have all been listed in Volume I — they are kings of the second half of Dynasty II of Egypt. Notice the parallels.
Antaeus — an opponent of Osiris — was a man of giant stature. So was Sesochris (Neferkaseker), who reigned 1815-1767. Typhon, the slayer of Osiris, was pictured as a destroyer in the Greek traditions of this period. King Chaires (Aka) bore the title "Destroyer." His reign began also in 1815. Following a war in Egypt against the faction of Osiris III, he temporarily received the "united kingdoms of Upper and Lower Egypt and the seal of the accursed one" — Osiris.
Then who was Osiris III — the Osiris Dionysius of Spanish history? None other than king Sendi (the Sethenes of Manetho). His body, according to the tradition, was cast into the Nile. Reports Weigall of him: "No trace of the king's tomb has been found; and ... he seems to have met with disaster at the end" ("The History of the Pharaoh's", page 136).
And now notice Hercules in this same dynasty. Hercules — the Seir the Horite of Scripture — was renowned for having subdued Libya, and the vast territories that lie west of Egypt. He was called Heracles Libycus. Did one of the Pharaoh's of this same period conquer Libya? Certainly — Necherophes. Manetho records of him: "In his reign Libya revolted, but, on account of an unexpected increase of the moon, they submitted through fear."
Now to continue with the outline of Spanish history. Hercules — Seir the Horite — put Hispal his son over the country. He could be none other than Shobal of Genesis 36:20. It is common for a silent "h" to appear before Spanish names. The successor to Hispal or Shobal was Hispan, a grandson of Hercules.
Is there a grandson of Seir the Horite by that name? See the name in Genesis 36:26 — Eshban! He was a son of Dishon, another son of Seir. Now it ought to be plain why Scripture records the genealogy of this famous man. Without it, there would be no means of understanding who the rulers of these times were. When we come to Italian history, we shall see how they link up with the family of Jacob. Meantime, the history of Spain in chart form is presented below.
Hispal, son of Hercules. 17 1807-1790
He built the city Hispalis,
later known as Sepila, now
Seville.
Hispanus, grandson of Heracles. 32 1790-1758
Gave his name to Hispania
(Spain) in consequence of
extending his rule (during
his first year 1790-1789)
into central and northern
regions of the peninsula
previously settled only by
wild tribes. He built towers
to control the region of
Gallicia in Spain.
Once again Spanish history has a bearing on the New World. The attack by Hispanus on these rude tribes in the northern regions on the shores of the Bay of Biscay is recorded in Toltec history. Ixtlilxochitl records that a second invasion from the east occurred 2236 years after the creation of man (Bancroft, vol. v, p. 209). Notice how this figure corresponds with both the Bible and Spanish history. At the death of Hispanus, Hercules, that is, Seir the Horite, reappears in Spain and Western Europe in his old age.
Hercules 19 1758-1739 Note that these dates correspond exactly with those of his rule in Britain and Gaul. It is significant that Hercules' family should appear so prominently in Western Europe. They must already have been driven out of Mt. Seir by Esau. Hercules left no heir to the Spanish throne He was succeeded by one of his generals.
ABRAHAM'S CHILDREN
Hesperus 11 1739-1728
Spanish records declare
Hesperus to be one of the
two captains (not his sons)
who accompanied Hercules in
his original exploits into
Spain. He gave his name
Hesperus to Spain and Italy
which in early times were
called Hesperia Minor and
Hesperia Major respectively.
was driven out of Spain
into Italy by his brother,
who succeeded him.
Atlas 12 1728-1716
(10) (1728-1718)
Sometimes called Italus.
A brother of Hesperus, the
other captain of Hercules,
a famous astronomer;
dethroned and exiled
Hesperus.
Josephus, the Jewish historian, also wrote about these two famous captains of Hercules in "Antiquities", I, xv. Here are his words: "Abraham after this married Keturah" — Genesis 25, "by whom six sons were born to him ..." Then Josephus names Midian, a son of Abraham, who begat "Ephas and Ophren," called Ephah and Epher in the Bible. "It is related of this Ophren, that he made war against Libya, and took it; and that his grandchildren, when they inhabited it, called it (from his name) Africa; and indeed Alexander Polyhistor gives his attestation to what I here say; who speaks thus: ' ... from the other two (Apher and Japhran) the country of Africa took its name; because these men were auxiliaries to Hercules, when he fought against Libya and Antaeus.' " Josephus understood that the two famous captains of Hercules were the grandsons of Abraham.
Hesperus, who was later exiled in a family quarrel, was the Biblical Ephah. Atlas, the strong man and astronomer, was Epher. It is his line that continued to control the western Mediterranean for several generations.
The late Greek writers at times confused this Atlas, who was also known from Italian history as Atlas Italus Kitim (because he ruled the land of Kittim), with another Atlas. That other Atlas was surnamed Maurus and was the descendant, in Greek tradition, of Japetus and Asia. Japetus or Iapetus was the Japheth of the Bible. Atlas Maurus is associated with Spain and North Africa because his people were migrating from the borders of Asia westward to the New World. The only son of Japheth whose children left Western Asia and Eastern Europe was Tiras. Atlas Italus Kitim was succeeded by a son —
Oris or Sicorus, son of Atlas 44 1716-1672
(or 45) (1718-1673)
Anus or Sicanus, son of Sicorus 31 1672-1641
(or 32) (1673-1641)
Gave his name to people whom
he led through Italy to Sicily.
From these Sicani the island of
Sicily was anciently called
Sicania.
Sicileus or Siculus, son of 45 1641-1596
Sicorus (or 44) (1641-1597)
Crossed into Italy. He changed
the name of Sicania to Sicilia.
Lusus, son of Siculus 29 1596-1567
(or 60) (1567-1507)
He gave his name to Lusitania (now Portugal)
Ulus or Siculus, son of Lusus 64 1567-1503
(or 60) (1567-1507)
He was also known as Neptune.
He had great fleets of ships.
Ulus again led an army into
Sicily to aid the colonists whose
presence there was still being
opposed. At the close of his
reign, in 1503, a city was
founded on the coast of Spain
by refugees from Greece. The
year 1503 is the date of a
great devastation in Thessaly,
the flood of Deucalion, in
which many perished. In this
period — the "neolithic" —
the inhabitants of Thessaly
were culturally like Mexican
Indians ("The Origins of Greek
Civilization", C. G. Starr, p. 17,
footnote) Again notice the
harmony of these records.
CHAOS IN SPAIN
Testa 70 1503-1433 A descendant of Triton (thus related to Gerion), seized southwestern Spain and called himself king of Spain. Romus, son of Testa 33 1433-1400 In his third year "Liber Pater," or Bacchus (Iacchus), reduced Spain to his sway. He was from the East. His title belonged to Hesus the Mighty of Celtic tradition. Hesus was Joshua (Jesus in Greek). He pursued the Canaanites and drove them out of Western Europe Palatuus, son of Romus 19 1400-1381 Cacus Licinius 36 1381-1345 A native prince who rebelled and deposed Palatuus in a year-long struggle. Palatuus restored 6 1345-1339 In his days Erithrus, king (or 15) (1345-1330) of Tyre, came to Spain. Erithree, or Erithrus, king 66 1339-1273 of Tyre Corgoras Mellicola, son of 75 1273-1198 Erithree He divided Spain into several provinces. Hebides or Habis, grandson 49 1198-1149 of Gorgoras (or 64) (1198-1134)Following the recapture of Troy in 1149 many groups of people, conquered as well as conquerors, sought new homes. As a result several areas of western and northern Spain were populated. The Lydians achieved dominance after 1149 over all the Mediterranean region, heading the list of Thalassocracies or Sea Powers. Their dominion in Spain began in 1149. Each of the Sea Powers in turn dominated Spain until Nebuchadnezzar the Great of Babylon made Spain a part or the Chaldean Empire for 9 years. After that, the Spaniards of Gades invited the Carthaginians to come and rule over them. The Carthaginians remained until expelled by the expanding Roman Empire. TIME OF THE SEA POWERS
As ancient Troy was the key to control of the Eastern Mediterranean, so Spain was to the Western Mediterranean. There are noticeable variations between the two regions that are worth noting. In volume I of the Compendium, in the chapter on Greek history, the list for the Eastern Mediterranean appears. Below is the Spanish evidence for the West, including the Atlantic littoral.
Sea Powers for Western Duration Dates Mediterranean to 530 Lydians 48 1149-1101
Thracians 86 970-884
Rhodians 20 884-864
Phrygians 26 864-838
Cyprians 39 838-799
Phoenicians 41 799-758
Egyptians 35 758-723
Milesians 29 723-694
Carians 48 694-646
Lesbians 68 646-578
Phocaeians 48 578-530
There is a gap deliberately inserted in this list. It is similar to attempts elsewhere to expurgate any record of the Pelasgians, who were the Hebrews of the Kingdom of Israel. The missing item should be Pelasgians 131 1101-970
This list indicates that the Hebrews became dominant in Spain at the time the Lydians resettled in the Grecian world in 1101. The 9 years of Nebuchadnezzar's dominion began in 578 and lasted until 569, the year his insanity commenced. He gained dominion over the Mediterranean through the Phocaeian fleets. Nebuchadnezzar established, as his representative in Spain a long-lived hero named Aganthonius who ruled 80 years (578-498) to the coming of the Carthaginians in 498.
With this, the early history of the Spanish is restored. Its important connection with Biblical and secular history is obvious — and especially so when one remembers that Spanish historians also mention the 26 years' drought in Spain referred to in Irish Annals. This was the famine in David's time, and precipitated the establishment of the
Osyris slew Gerion in 1849, upon which part of his tribe took to ship and sailed to the New World. A tradition found among the Toltecs of Mexico and preserved by Ixtlilxochitl declares there once were giants in their land.
Even the date of the arrival of these giants has been preserved by the Toltec historian. It was 520 years after the flood. (Bancroft "Native Races of the Pacific States", vol. V, p. 209. ) The year of the flood was 2370-2369. And 520 years AFTER the flood — that is, after 2369 — is 1849, the very year a great battle was fought in Spain during which Gerion was slain and many of the giants were expelled. Later Indian tradition records the perishing of these giants in the New World in a struggle with the Indians.
One of the Lomnini in Spain, meanwhile, was given to wife a sister of Osyris. A son of the union, Norac, settled Sardinia and built the city of Norca. Sardinia is famous for traditionally being inhabited by giants who left the megalithic remains and giant tombs. Early British tradition also assigns to swarthy giants the building of many of the megalithic monuments or henges.
To avenge the death of their father, the three Lomnini brothers conspired with Typhon, brother of Osyris. Typhon assassinated his brother Osyris.
After the death of Osyris, Hercules appears on the scene. Rather than drench the whole land in a bloodbath, he challenged the three sons of Gerion to personal combat — three against one — and slew them all. Hercules then turned the government of southern Spain over to Hispal, his son and one of his generals, and departed with the bulk of his army to Italy.
Who were Osyris, Typhon and Heracles of Spanish, Italian and North African tradition?
Note the time setting. These events are long after the death of Nimrod (2167) or of Miebis (2037), who was the second Osiris. The dates of these events correspond to the latter half of Dynasty II in Egypt. It is the period of the patriarch Jacob. The Hercules of these traditions has already been proved to be Seir the Horite. In Spanish history Hercules is often referred to as "Oron," meaning the Horite. He was a king of Egypt — a descendant of Horus. He slew the giant Antaeus, another king of Egypt, records Josephus the Jewish historian. Who are all these supposedly mythological rulers?
The surprising answer is that they have all been listed in Volume I — they are kings of the second half of Dynasty II of Egypt. Notice the parallels.
Antaeus — an opponent of Osiris — was a man of giant stature. So was Sesochris (Neferkaseker), who reigned 1815-1767. Typhon, the slayer of Osiris, was pictured as a destroyer in the Greek traditions of this period. King Chaires (Aka) bore the title "Destroyer." His reign began also in 1815. Following a war in Egypt against the faction of Osiris III, he temporarily received the "united kingdoms of Upper and Lower Egypt and the seal of the accursed one" — Osiris.
Then who was Osiris III — the Osiris Dionysius of Spanish history? None other than king Sendi (the Sethenes of Manetho). His body, according to the tradition, was cast into the Nile. Reports Weigall of him: "No trace of the king's tomb has been found; and ... he seems to have met with disaster at the end" ("The History of the Pharaoh's", page 136).
And now notice Hercules in this same dynasty. Hercules — the Seir the Horite of Scripture — was renowned for having subdued Libya, and the vast territories that lie west of Egypt. He was called Heracles Libycus. Did one of the Pharaoh's of this same period conquer Libya? Certainly — Necherophes. Manetho records of him: "In his reign Libya revolted, but, on account of an unexpected increase of the moon, they submitted through fear."
Now to continue with the outline of Spanish history. Hercules — Seir the Horite — put Hispal his son over the country. He could be none other than Shobal of Genesis 36:20. It is common for a silent "h" to appear before Spanish names. The successor to Hispal or Shobal was Hispan, a grandson of Hercules.
Is there a grandson of Seir the Horite by that name? See the name in Genesis 36:26 — Eshban! He was a son of Dishon, another son of Seir. Now it ought to be plain why Scripture records the genealogy of this famous man. Without it, there would be no means of understanding who the rulers of these times were. When we come to Italian history, we shall see how they link up with the family of Jacob. Meantime, the history of Spain in chart form is presented below.
Hispal, son of Hercules. 17 1807-1790
He built the city Hispalis,
later known as Sepila, now
Seville.
Hispanus, grandson of Heracles. 32 1790-1758
Gave his name to Hispania
(Spain) in consequence of
extending his rule (during
his first year 1790-1789)
into central and northern
regions of the peninsula
previously settled only by
wild tribes. He built towers
to control the region of
Gallicia in Spain.
Once again Spanish history has a bearing on the New World. The attack by Hispanus on these rude tribes in the northern regions on the shores of the Bay of Biscay is recorded in Toltec history. Ixtlilxochitl records that a second invasion from the east occurred 2236 years after the creation of man (Bancroft, vol. v, p. 209). Notice how this figure corresponds with both the Bible and Spanish history. At the death of Hispanus, Hercules, that is, Seir the Horite, reappears in Spain and Western Europe in his old age.
Hercules 19 1758-1739 Note that these dates correspond exactly with those of his rule in Britain and Gaul. It is significant that Hercules' family should appear so prominently in Western Europe. They must already have been driven out of Mt. Seir by Esau. Hercules left no heir to the Spanish throne He was succeeded by one of his generals.
ABRAHAM'S CHILDREN
Hesperus 11 1739-1728
Spanish records declare
Hesperus to be one of the
two captains (not his sons)
who accompanied Hercules in
his original exploits into
Spain. He gave his name
Hesperus to Spain and Italy
which in early times were
called Hesperia Minor and
Hesperia Major respectively.
was driven out of Spain
into Italy by his brother,
who succeeded him.
Atlas 12 1728-1716
(10) (1728-1718)
Sometimes called Italus.
A brother of Hesperus, the
other captain of Hercules,
a famous astronomer;
dethroned and exiled
Hesperus.
Josephus, the Jewish historian, also wrote about these two famous captains of Hercules in "Antiquities", I, xv. Here are his words: "Abraham after this married Keturah" — Genesis 25, "by whom six sons were born to him ..." Then Josephus names Midian, a son of Abraham, who begat "Ephas and Ophren," called Ephah and Epher in the Bible. "It is related of this Ophren, that he made war against Libya, and took it; and that his grandchildren, when they inhabited it, called it (from his name) Africa; and indeed Alexander Polyhistor gives his attestation to what I here say; who speaks thus: ' ... from the other two (Apher and Japhran) the country of Africa took its name; because these men were auxiliaries to Hercules, when he fought against Libya and Antaeus.' " Josephus understood that the two famous captains of Hercules were the grandsons of Abraham.
Hesperus, who was later exiled in a family quarrel, was the Biblical Ephah. Atlas, the strong man and astronomer, was Epher. It is his line that continued to control the western Mediterranean for several generations.
The late Greek writers at times confused this Atlas, who was also known from Italian history as Atlas Italus Kitim (because he ruled the land of Kittim), with another Atlas. That other Atlas was surnamed Maurus and was the descendant, in Greek tradition, of Japetus and Asia. Japetus or Iapetus was the Japheth of the Bible. Atlas Maurus is associated with Spain and North Africa because his people were migrating from the borders of Asia westward to the New World. The only son of Japheth whose children left Western Asia and Eastern Europe was Tiras. Atlas Italus Kitim was succeeded by a son —
Oris or Sicorus, son of Atlas 44 1716-1672
(or 45) (1718-1673)
Anus or Sicanus, son of Sicorus 31 1672-1641
(or 32) (1673-1641)
Gave his name to people whom
he led through Italy to Sicily.
From these Sicani the island of
Sicily was anciently called
Sicania.
Sicileus or Siculus, son of 45 1641-1596
Sicorus (or 44) (1641-1597)
Crossed into Italy. He changed
the name of Sicania to Sicilia.
Lusus, son of Siculus 29 1596-1567
(or 60) (1567-1507)
He gave his name to Lusitania (now Portugal)
Ulus or Siculus, son of Lusus 64 1567-1503
(or 60) (1567-1507)
He was also known as Neptune.
He had great fleets of ships.
Ulus again led an army into
Sicily to aid the colonists whose
presence there was still being
opposed. At the close of his
reign, in 1503, a city was
founded on the coast of Spain
by refugees from Greece. The
year 1503 is the date of a
great devastation in Thessaly,
the flood of Deucalion, in
which many perished. In this
period — the "neolithic" —
the inhabitants of Thessaly
were culturally like Mexican
Indians ("The Origins of Greek
Civilization", C. G. Starr, p. 17,
footnote) Again notice the
harmony of these records.
CHAOS IN SPAIN
Testa 70 1503-1433 A descendant of Triton (thus related to Gerion), seized southwestern Spain and called himself king of Spain. Romus, son of Testa 33 1433-1400 In his third year "Liber Pater," or Bacchus (Iacchus), reduced Spain to his sway. He was from the East. His title belonged to Hesus the Mighty of Celtic tradition. Hesus was Joshua (Jesus in Greek). He pursued the Canaanites and drove them out of Western Europe Palatuus, son of Romus 19 1400-1381 Cacus Licinius 36 1381-1345 A native prince who rebelled and deposed Palatuus in a year-long struggle. Palatuus restored 6 1345-1339 In his days Erithrus, king (or 15) (1345-1330) of Tyre, came to Spain. Erithree, or Erithrus, king 66 1339-1273 of Tyre Corgoras Mellicola, son of 75 1273-1198 Erithree He divided Spain into several provinces. Hebides or Habis, grandson 49 1198-1149 of Gorgoras (or 64) (1198-1134)Following the recapture of Troy in 1149 many groups of people, conquered as well as conquerors, sought new homes. As a result several areas of western and northern Spain were populated. The Lydians achieved dominance after 1149 over all the Mediterranean region, heading the list of Thalassocracies or Sea Powers. Their dominion in Spain began in 1149. Each of the Sea Powers in turn dominated Spain until Nebuchadnezzar the Great of Babylon made Spain a part or the Chaldean Empire for 9 years. After that, the Spaniards of Gades invited the Carthaginians to come and rule over them. The Carthaginians remained until expelled by the expanding Roman Empire. TIME OF THE SEA POWERS
As ancient Troy was the key to control of the Eastern Mediterranean, so Spain was to the Western Mediterranean. There are noticeable variations between the two regions that are worth noting. In volume I of the Compendium, in the chapter on Greek history, the list for the Eastern Mediterranean appears. Below is the Spanish evidence for the West, including the Atlantic littoral.
Sea Powers for Western Duration Dates Mediterranean to 530 Lydians 48 1149-1101
Thracians 86 970-884
Rhodians 20 884-864
Phrygians 26 864-838
Cyprians 39 838-799
Phoenicians 41 799-758
Egyptians 35 758-723
Milesians 29 723-694
Carians 48 694-646
Lesbians 68 646-578
Phocaeians 48 578-530
There is a gap deliberately inserted in this list. It is similar to attempts elsewhere to expurgate any record of the Pelasgians, who were the Hebrews of the Kingdom of Israel. The missing item should be Pelasgians 131 1101-970
This list indicates that the Hebrews became dominant in Spain at the time the Lydians resettled in the Grecian world in 1101. The 9 years of Nebuchadnezzar's dominion began in 578 and lasted until 569, the year his insanity commenced. He gained dominion over the Mediterranean through the Phocaeian fleets. Nebuchadnezzar established, as his representative in Spain a long-lived hero named Aganthonius who ruled 80 years (578-498) to the coming of the Carthaginians in 498.
With this, the early history of the Spanish is restored. Its important connection with Biblical and secular history is obvious — and especially so when one remembers that Spanish historians also mention the 26 years' drought in Spain referred to in Irish Annals. This was the famine in David's time, and precipitated the establishment of the
When Noah and his family left the Ark, God instructed them to "be fruitful, and multiply, and replenish the earth" (Genesis 9:1). Unfortunately, soon they gathered at Babel, and under the leadership of rebellious Nimrod they built a tower "lest we be scattered abroad upon the face of the whole earth" (Genesis 11:4). The tower became an astrological worship center to exalt the creation rather than the Creator. But God wanted them to disperse throughout the earth. He separated their languages into many, for as long as they all spoke the same language no endeavor was beyond their reach (Genesis 11:6)
egypt
1. The first man (or god) in Egypt is Hephaestus,1
who is also renowned among the Egyptians as the discoverer of fire. His
son, Helios (the Sun), was succeeded by Sôsis; then follow, in turn,
Cronos,
p5Osiris, Typhon,
brother of Osiris, and lastly Orus, son of Osiris and Isis. These were
the first to hold sway in Egypt. Thereafter, the kingship passed from
one to another in unbroken succession down to Bydis (Bites)2
through 13,900 years. The year I take, however, to be a lunar one,
consisting, that is, of 30 days: what we now call a month the Egyptians
used formerly to style a year.3
2. After the Gods, Demigods reigned for 1255 years,4 and again another line of kings held sway for 1817 years: then came thirty more kings of Memphis,5 reigning for 1790 years; and then again ten kings of This, reigning for 350 years.
3. There followed the rule of Spirits of the Dead and Demigods,6 for 5813 years.
4. The total [of the last five groups] amounts to 11,000 years,7 these however being lunar periods, or
p7months. But, in
truth, the whole rule of which the Egyptians tell — the rule of Gods,
Demigods, and Spirits of the Dead — is reckoned to have comprised in all
24,900 lunar years, which make 22068 solar years.
5. Now, if you care to compare these figures with Hebrew chronology, you
will find that they are in perfect harmony. Egypt is called Mestraïm9 by the Hebrews; and Mestraïm lived <not>
long after the Flood. For after the Flood, Cham (or Ham), son of Noah,
begat Aegyptus or Mestraïm, who was the first to set out to establish
himself in Egypt, at the time when the tribes began to disperse this way
and that. Now the whole time from Adam to the Flood was, according to
the Hebrews, 2242 years.
"From the creation of Adam, indeed, down to Enoch, i.e. to the general cosmic year 1282, the number of days was known in neither month nor year; but the Egregori (or 'Watchers'),13 who had p13descended to earth in the general cosmic year 1000, held converse with men, and taught them that the orbits of the two luminaries, being marked by the twelve signs of the Zodiac, are composed of 360 parts. Observing the moon's orbit which is nearer the earth, smaller, and more conspicuous, as it has a period of thirty days, men decided that it should be reckoned as a year, since the orbit of the sun also was filled by the same twelve signs of the Zodiac with an equal number of parts, 360. So it came to pass that the reigns of the Gods who ruled among them for six generations in six dynasties were reckoned in years each consisting of a lunar cycle of thirty days. The total in lunar years is 11,985, or 969 solar years. By adding these to the 105814 solar years of the period before their reign, they reach the sum total of 2027 years." Similarly, in the two dynasties of nine Demigods, — these being regarded as real, although they never existed, — Panodôrus strives to make up 214½ years out of 858 hóroi (periods of three months) or tropoi, so that with the 969 years they make, he says, 1183½, and these, when added to the 1058 years from the time of Adam to the reign of the Gods, complete a total of 2242 years down to the Flood.
The First Dynasty of Egypt
1. Hêphaestus reigned for 727¾ years.
2. Hêlios (the Sun), son of Hêphaestus, for 80⅙ years.
3. Agathodaemôn, for 56 7/12 years.
p17
4. Cronos, for 40½ years.
5. Osiris and Isis, for 35 years.
6. Typhon, for 29 years.15
Demigods:
7. Ôrus, for 25 years.
8. Arês, for 23 years.
9. Anubis, for 17 years.
10. Hêraclês, for 15 years.
11. Apollô, for 25 years.
12. Ammôn, for 30 years.
13. Tithoês,16 for 27 years.
14. Sôsus, for 32 years.
15 Zeus, for 20 years.17
he kingdom of Egypt we have the oldest of all kingdoms, and we are minded to record its beginning, as it is given by Manetho. First, I shall put down as follows the reigns of the Gods, as recorded by the Egyptians. Some say that the god Hêphaestus reigned in Egypt for 680 years; after him, Sol [Hêlios, the Sun], son of Hêphaestus, for 77 p19years: next, Sosinosiris [Sôsis and Osiris], for 320 years: then Orus the Ruler, for 28 years; and after him, Typhon, for 45 years. Total for the reigns of the Gods, 1550 years.19
Next come the reigns of the Demigods, as follows first, Anubes20 for 83 years; then after him, Amusis, some say, was king. About him, Apiôn the grammarian,21 who composed a history of Egypt, explained that he lived in the time of Inachus22 who was king at the founding of Argos . . . for 67 years.23
p21
I. Thereafter he [Manetho] gave an account of the kings who were Spirits
of the Dead, calling them also Demigods, . . . who reigned for
2100 years: he called them "very brave" (Heroes).
II. Mineus and seven of his descendants reigned for 253 years.24
III. Bochus and eight other kings reigned for 302 years.
IV. Necherocheus and seven other kings for 214 years.
V. Similarly seventeen other kings for 277 years.
VI. Similarly twenty‑one other kings for 258 years.
VII. Othoi and seven other kings for 203 years.
VIII. Similarly fourteen other kings for 140 years.
IX. Similarly twenty other kings for 409 years.
X. Similarly seven other kings for 204 years.
....Dynasty I
According to Africanus
Here is the account which Africanus gives of the dynasties of Egypt pamphlet the Flood].
1. In succession to the spirits of the Dead, the Demigods, — the first royal house35 numbers eight kings, the first of whom Mênês36 of
p29This37 reigned for 62 years. He was carried off by a hippopotamus38 and perished.
2. Athôthis, his son, for 57 years. He built the palace at Memphis;39 and his anatomical works40 are extant, for he was a physician.
3. Kenkenês, his son, for 31 years.
4. Uenephês, his son, for 23 years. In his reign a great famine seized Egypt. He erected the pyramids near Kôchômê.41
5. Usaphaidos,42a his son, for 20 years.
6. Miebidos,42b his son, for 26 years.
7. Semempsês, his son, for 18 years. In his reign a very great calamity befell Egypt.
8. Biênechês, his son, for 26 years.
Total, 253 years.43
Eusebius also sets out the details of the First Dynasty in much the same way as Africanus.
p31 Fr. 7 (a) (from Syncellus). According to Eusebius.44
Here is the account which Eusebius gives of the Egyptian dynasties [after the Flood].
In succession to the Spirits of the Dead and the Demigods, the Egyptians
reckon the First Dynasty to consist of eight kings. Among these was
Mênês, whose rule in Egypt was illustrious. I shall record the rulers of
each race from the time of Mênês; their succession is as follows:
1. Mênês of This, with his [17, or in another copy] 7 descendants, — the
king called Mên by Herodotus, — reigned for 60 years. He made a foreign
expedition and won renown, but was carried off by a hippopotamus.
2. Athôthis, his son, ruled for 27 years. He built the palace at Memphis; he practised medicine and wrote anatomical books.
3. Kenkenês, his son, for 39 years.
4. Uenephês, for 42 years. In his reign famine seized the land. He built the pyramids near Kôchôme.
5. Usaphaïs, for 20 years.
6. Niebaïs, for 26 years.
p33
7. Semempsês, for 18 years. In his reign there were many portents and a very great calamity.
8. Ubienthês, for 26 years.
Fr. 10 Armenian Version of Eusebius.
The Second Dynasty consisted of nine kings.
First came Bôchus, in whose reign a huge hole opened at Bubastus, and swallowed up many persons.
He was succeeded by Cechous, in whose time Apis and Mnevis and the Mendesian goat were worshipped as gods.
Next came Biophis, in whose reign it was decreed by law that women might hold the royal office.
In the reigns of the three succeeding kings, no notable event occurred.
Under the seventh king fabulists tell how the river Nile flowed with honey as well as water for 11 days.
Finally, under the ninth king no memorable event occurred.
These kings reigns for 297 years.
Dynasty III
Fr. 11 (from Syncellus). The Account of Africanus.
The Third Dynasty54 comprised nine kings of Memphis.
1. Necherôphês, for 28 years. In his reign the Libyans revolted against
Egypt, and when the moon waxed beyond reckoning, they surrendered in
terror.
2. Tosorthros,55 for 29 years. <In his reign lived Imuthês,>56 who because of his medical skill has the reputation of Asclepios among the
p43Egyptians, and who was the inventor of the art of building with hewn stone. He also devoted attention to writing.
3. Tyreis (or Tyris), for 7 years.
4. Mesôchris, for 17 years.
5. Sôÿphis, for 16 years.
6. Tosertasis, for 19 years.
7. Achês, for 42 years.
8. Sêphuris, for 30 years.
9. Kerpherês, for 26 years.
Total, 214 years.
Total for the first three dynasties, according to Africanus, 769 years.
Fr. 12 (a) (from Syncellus). According to Eusebius.
The Third Dynasty consisted of eight kings of Memphis:
1. Necherôchis, in whose reign the Libyans revolted against Egypt, and
when the moon waxed beyond reckoning, they surrendered in terror.
2. He was succeeded by Sesorthos . . . : he was styled Asclepios in
Egypt because of his medical skill. He was also the inventor of the art
of building with hewn stone, and devoted attention to writing as well.
The remaining six kings achieved nothing worthy of mention. These eight kings reigned for 198 years.
Total for the first three dynasties, according to Eusebius, 747 years.
p45 (b) Armenian Version of Eusebius.
The Third Dynasty consisted of eight kings of Memphis:
Necherochis, in whose reign the Libyans revolted against Egypt: later
when the moon waxed unseasonably, they were terrified and returned to
their allegiance.
Next came Sosorthus . . .: he was styled Aesculapius by the Egyptian
because of his medical skill. He was also the inventor of building with
hewn stone; and in addition he devoted care to the writing of books.
The six remaining kings did nothing worthy of mention. The reigns of the whole dynasty amount to 197 years.
Dynasty IV
Fr. 14 (from Syncellus). According to Africanus.
The Fourth Dynasty57 comprised eight kings of Memphis, belonging to a different line:
p47
1. Sôris, for 29 years.
2. Suphis [I], for 63 years. He reared the Great Pyramid,58
which Herodotus says was built by Cheops. Suphis conceived a contempt
for the gods: he also composed the Sacred Book, which I acquired in my
visit to Egypt59 because of its high renown.
3. Suphis [II], for 66 years.
4. Mencherês, for 63 years.
5. Ratoisês, for 25 years.
6. Bicheris, for 22 years.
7. Sebercherês, for 7 years.
8. Thamphthis, for 9 years.
Total, 277 years.60
Total for the first four dynasties [after the Flood], 1046 years according to Africanus.
p49 Fr. 15 (from Syncellus). According to Eusebius.
The Fourth Dynasty comprised seventeen kings of Memphis belonging to a different royal line.
Of these the third was Suphis, the builder of the Great Pyramid, which
Herodotus says was built by Cheops. Suphis conceived a contempt for the
gods, but repenting of this, he composed the Sacred Book, which the
Egyptians hold in high esteem.
Of the remaining kings no achievement worthy of mention has been recorded.
This dynasty reigned for 448 years.
Total for the first four dynasties [after the Flood], 1195 years according to Eusebius.
Fr. 16 Armenian Version of Eusebius.
The Fourth Dynasty consisted of seventeen kings of Memphis belonging to a
different royal line. The third of these kings, Suphis, was the builder
of the Great Pyramid, which Herodotus declares to have been built by
Cheops. Suphis behaved arrogantly towards the gods themselves: then, in
penitence, he composed the Sacred Book in which the Egyptians believe
they possess a great treasure. Of the remaining kings nothing worthy of
mention is recorded in history. The reigns of the whole dynasty amount
to 448 years.
p51 Dynasty V
Fr. 18 (from Syncellus). According to Africanus.
The Fifth Dynasty61 was composed of eight kings of Elephantine:
1. Usercherês, for 28 years.
2. Sephrês, for 13 years.
3. Nephercherês, for 20 years.
4. Sisirês, for 7 years.
5. Cherês, for 20 years.
6. Rathurês, for 44 years.
7. Mencherês, for 9 years.
8. Tancherês (? Tatcherês), for 44 years.
9. Onnus, for 33 years.
Total, 248 years.62
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